In cosmetic formulation, colour is not just about shade — it is about system. Mineral pigments, dyes, and mica each behave differently inside a formula, affecting everything from opacity and finish to wear, blending, and overall performance on the skin.

This guide explores the structural differences between the three main cosmetic colourant systems used in modern beauty products. From the soft opacity of mineral pigments and the vivid intensity of dyes to the luminosity and shimmer of mica, understanding how each system functions is essential for choosing the right colourant for your formulation goals.